The next stop to the south is lerapetra. This is a town that has
been inhabited since early antiquity; the first signs of life are
mentioned in Mythology, as the city of Kyrva, whose name came from
one of the Telchines who arrived with Rea from Rhodes.
It is the country's southernmost town; the climate is generally
dry, with an average temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and rare
rainfall. The town has a port, but no ships arrive there from the
islands or Piraeus. In ancient times, lerapytna (a name of Doric
origin most probably) was limited by the domination of Presses,
which did not leave the other cities much potential for development.
However, in the second millennium BC, lerapytna increased its territory
significantly and gained economic power, judging by the fact that
coins were minted there.
Later, during the Roman Empire, the city resisted strongly but
was eventually destroyed by the Roman invaders in 66 BC.
The city was later rebuilt and in fact flourished in Greco-Roman
times, as can be seen from buildings of the era that have been
found. In Byzantine times, the city was fortunate enough to constitute
an episcopate, and was thus able to maintain its prosperity.
Despite this, it was unable to avoid a destructive
invasion by the Saracens in 828 AD. The Saracens themselves probably
rebuilt it later, as they wanted to preserve the geographical stronghold,
which communicated with the Libyan Sea or Barbarian Sea as it was
then called.
The Venetians later built a fortified city named Kales, remains
of which can still be seen today. During the period of Turkish
rule from 1647, the new invaders changed the city significantly.