Greece
Independent European state in most southern utmost the
Balkan Peninsula of Aj'moy, with total extent 131.957 t.hlm. and
population 10.454.019 kat. (estimate 1995). Capital her is
Athens, which the population of with the outskirts are 3.096.775 kat.
(estimate 1998). Regime of country is the parliamentary chaired
democracy, official language of state Greek, official religion the
orthodoxe Christianity and currency the drachma. It is 6th in
extent country of European Union, 4 time smaller than France and 4,3
times bigger than Belgium.
The country borders in northern on Albania, the Former
Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Bulgaria and Easternly
on Turkey, while it is washed in the Eastern, western and southerners
from the seas of Mediterranean, from the Aegean and the
Ionian sea. Her extreme points are in northern the
village Orme'njo of prefecture Ebros (in the 41°45'V, 26°13'A), in
southern the cape Trypiti' of island Gay'doy of (southernly Crete, in
the 34°48'V, 24°07'A), in western the island Ocwnoj' (VD of Corfu, in
the 39°51'V, 19°22'A) and in Eastern the island of Round (Kastelorizo
Dwdekani'soy, in the 36°06'V, 29°38'A).
Greece finds in utmost Europe, in the point where are met
three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. Her extent is
small, but her intellectual radiation very big. Here was
developed the superior culture of antiquity.
Geographically it is included in the family of 33 European
states, in which it possesses the 13th place in extent. In world
scale her extent corresponds in least from the 1/1000 of total surface
of ground. The regime of country is Chaired Democracy.
The Greek space knew in in the course of history a lot of
changes. Her natural map suffered and this alterations and
changed in a lot of points his physiognomy. Greece has a very
rich history and it is from the few countries that their history is
known s’ all the details.
It is lived by the neoljcjki' season and it fought many times in
order to it keeps or it acquires her freedom. For the origin of
residents her our knowledge is incomplete. As also until today
has not been given valid answer on the origin of name “Ella's”.
In the other languages the name “Ella's” is produced from Latin
“Graecia”.
Thus Italian and Spanish is said Grecia, in the English Greece and in the German Griechenland.
The term "Greece" was initially used for the region of "Achaia
Fcjw'tjdos", a small that is to say region that was fixed by the two
gulves, Pagasitikos and Maljako', and constituted at the Hostage the
kingdom of Pile'a and Achilles (Jl. B 383). At the 8th aj. p.H. the
term "Greece" was reported in entire the department of peninsula, by
the Cermopy'les and under, with the islands Ionian and
Aegean seas, without however it implies certain single political
substance. Often in the ancient season called "Greece" is
declared not only Solid, Peloponnese and the Thessaly, but also the
regions where had been founded Greek colonies, as Sicily
and Down Italy, the Asia Minor and so on At the Mesaj'wna
were name of particular subject of Byzantine state, administrative
province that is to say, which included Attica, Viotia, Fokida, the
Lokrj'da, the Cyclades etc Afterwards the a'lwsi of Istamboul the name
Greece revive once again and declared the national cradle of Greeks
vaguely and without explicit geographic limits. Afterwards the
release the new Greek state took officially the name Greece.
Today with this name is comprehended the free territory that
includes the Pelopo'n
island, Solid, the Thessaly, the Continent, Macedonia and the
Thrace, with the islander groups of Aegean and Ionian seas.
In the various phases of historical development of terms "E'llin", "Greece" and so on are used at the same time also other terms: Danaoj', Argej'oj and Ahajoj' in the omirjki' season, Grajkoj', Rwmjoj' at the rwmaj!koy's and Byzantine years k.a.
Greek History Generally
Greece has a very rich history. According to the
discoveries of archaeological spaces it is lived by the Palajoljcjki'
Season. However more explicit clues exist for the period of
neoljcjki's season.
In the residents of this period is given the name Pelasgoj',
while at the same time, as other proellinjkoj' populations, are
reported the Ka'res, the Le'leges and the Dry'opes. This period
did not exist a single Greek state, but a lot of small independent
cities-state, with common language and parallel growth of culture.
In this years are developed particularly Cretes, that dominate
in the Mediterranean, the Cyclades and the Mycenaes. In this
regions were developed important cultures: the Mjnwjko's, the
Kykladjko's and the Mykinaj!ko's.
The 8th p.H. aj. we have a important Greek colonization, aiming mainly
at the trade and the exit of maternal cities for fast growth and progress. The
N. Italy became second Greece and was named Big Greece From the cities-state
distinguishes three: Athens, the Sparta and the Thebes. From
the 6th p.H. aj. it had begun to extend itself the state of Persw'n. Their
their expansive policy led they occupy Greece.
Their expeditions began to be realised in the beginnings 5th p.H.
aj. and they led to crash of Persw'n to the battles of Maracw'na, Platajw'n
and to the naval battles of Salamine and Myka'lis. The Greeks were
overcome in the battle of Cermopylw'n but showed in all the world the
bravery and their bravery. First city in their Persjkoy's Wars
elected itself Athens, that immediately afterwards developed a important
culture and a almighty state.
This force of Athens worried their Spartja'tes, that had developed
in a powerful stratokratjko' state. Thus the conflict was not late. This
conflict is known as Peloponnisjako's War (431 p.H.-404 p.H.). Victor
was elected the Sparta, that remained sovereign Greece. Her opponent
anadej'hnetaj the Thebes, which katanj'kise in their repeated battles
Spartja'tes and apotj'naxe the Spartjatjko' arrangement.
Thus came back Athens in the limelight. Simultaneously it
began to be developed the state of Macedonians, that organised powerful
army and began little by little to extend itself. With arhigj'a
Big Alexandros, all Greece is organised in a state. Simultaneously
is created a world empire, after the conquests of Macedonian king reach
up to Indias. With his premature stop , began the wars of successors.
The big empire is divided and created big states from exellinjsme'noys
residents. In in the internal agitations of souvereigns for the
conquest of power, the cities of Greece try they find a self-protection,
because they accept raids. This season is presented as big and
powerful force Rome.
Through a line wars, the Romen achieved they overcome the Greek cities-state
and him they conquer. The 146 p.H. is considered the time of subjugation
of Greece. The small states are suppressed, the Romen stop the
internal conflicts and separate Greece in four provinces: Macedonia,
Achaia, Islands and Crete.
However the Romen did not stop in Greece. They conquered also
the M. Asia. The so much big Rwmaj!ki' Empire was separated in
the two: in Eastern and in the Westerner. Greece was included
in Eastern, that took Greek character and constituted the Byzantine Empire,
the beginning of which is placed in 384. After a long period cultural
and political acne, the Byzantium is conquered by their Toy'rkoys (1453). The
period of Ottoman domination was a hard and difficult period for the
Greeks, in that it created social, legally and religious problems.
A lot of Greeks, that could not accept the not free ry as way of life, resorted
to innaccessible parts of country in order to they live free. They
were the been famous "thieves ".
The Turks in order to them they face made armed bodies from Greeks, "armatoloy's ". sport ween
the two teams was developed narrow collaboration, for the release of
country. At the duration of Turkish possession the Greeks tried
many times they are released. The more important movement, began
from the brothers Orlw'f and remained in the history as Orlwfjka'. In
1814 were founded the Friendly Company, that prepared the Greek Revolution.
On 25 March 1821, Old Patrases German blessed the arms of fighters and
raised the revolutionary flag. The freedom for the Greeks came
after a line of battles, so much militarymen, what political and diplomatic. Precious
existed the help of Fjlelli'nwn, so much during the not free ry what in the
apeleycerwtjko' fight. The independence of Greek State was made
official on 10 March 1829, with the Protocol of London.
First governor of Greece was elected Ioannis Kapodj'strjas, that placed
the bases for the organisation of newly established state. In
1897 Greece and Turkey colided again. Cause was the not concretisation
of Treaty of Berlin from the Turkish side and their refusal to deliver
the departments of Continent that were reported in the treaty. The
Greek-Turkish war you finish with defeat of Greek army. From 1878
until 1906, Macedonia was tryed by the "Macedonian Question ".
In 1912 were released and were included in Greece. From 1912
until 1914 the country participated in the two Balkan Wars, while in
1917 it entered in the maelstrom of A of World War, with the end of which
was realised the dream of Hellenism for Greece of two continents. This
dream however you finish fast, with the Mjkrasjatjki' Destruction the
1922.To 1940 the country it was compelled to take part in the B World
War, while in 1941 it was found under the German Possession, by which
it was released in 1944, with the end of war.
On 21 April 1967, and while the country was prepared for the conduct
of elections, was expressed coup d'etat, that led to a seven year old
dictatorship. On 23 July 1974 the democracy was restored in Greece,
that from then faces a very serious problem: the expansive policy
of Turkey, that causes the said "Ajgajako' Question " and that
in 1996 reached the two countries in pro'cyra the war.